In recent years, myopia has been rising at an alarming rate, especially among younger generations. What was once a relatively rare condition has now become so common that eye care professionals consider it a global epidemic. Understanding why myopia is increasing and how to manage it is essential for preserving our vision and quality of life. Here’s what every eye doctor wants you to know about the rise of myopia and the steps we can take to address it.

What Is Myopia?

Myopia is a refractive error that causes distant objects to appear blurry while close-up objects remain clear. This condition occurs when the eye grows too long from front to back, causing light entering the eye to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. Myopia can develop during childhood and may continue to progress into adulthood.

Why Is Myopia Becoming More Common?

Recent studies indicate a significant rise in myopia among children and adolescents worldwide. A comprehensive analysis of data from over five million individuals across 50 countries revealed that the prevalence of myopia in this age group has increased from 24% in 1990 to 36% between 2020 and 2023. Projections suggest that by 2050, approximately 40% of children and adolescents globally—exceeding 740 million individuals—will be affected by myopia.

The rise in myopia has been linked to several environmental and lifestyle factors, including increased screen time, limited outdoor activities, and genetic predisposition. With the rise of smartphones, tablets, and computers, both children and adults are spending more time looking at screens. Extended close-up work can strain the eyes and may contribute to the development of myopia.

Research shows that children who spend more time outdoors are less likely to develop myopia. Exposure to natural light and the opportunity to focus on distant objects outdoors can help slow the progression of nearsightedness. Additionally, myopia often runs in families. If one or both parents are nearsighted, their children are at a higher risk of developing the condition.

Potential Complications

While myopia might seem like a minor inconvenience, especially when correctable with glasses or contact lenses, it can lead to more severe eye health issues, particularly if it progresses to high myopia. Complications can include:
 

• Retinal Detachment: High myopia stretches the retina, increasing the risk of detachment—a serious condition that can lead to vision loss.
   

• Glaucoma: Myopia is associated with an increased risk of developing glaucoma, a condition that can damage the optic nerve and result in irreversible vision loss.
   

• Cataracts: People with myopia may be more prone to early cataract development.

How Can Myopia Be Managed?

Eye doctors are working diligently to combat the rising prevalence of myopia and help manage it effectively. Here are some of the key methods currently available:
 

• Myopia Control Lenses: Special contact lenses, such as orthokeratology (Ortho-K) lenses, are designed to gently reshape the cornea while you sleep, providing clear daytime vision and slowing the progression of myopia.
   

• Atropine Eye Drops: Low-dose atropine drops are a promising treatment for slowing myopia progression, especially in children.
   

• Lifestyle Changes: Encouraging children to spend more time outdoors and limit screen time can make a significant difference. Following the 20-20-20 rule (looking 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes) can help reduce eye strain associated with prolonged close-up tasks.
   

• Regular Eye Exams: Annual eye exams are crucial for detecting early signs of myopia and monitoring its progression. Early detection allows eye doctors to implement myopia control measures sooner, which can be more effective in slowing down its development.

Protecting Your Family’s Vision

The rise in myopia is concerning, but the good news is that eye care professionals have more tools and knowledge than ever to help manage it. For parents, it’s essential to prioritize regular eye exams for your children, encourage outdoor play, and be mindful of screen time.

Schedule a your child’s eye exam with Clarity Vision and learn more about how we can help prevent or manage myopia in your family. Reach out to our office in Holly Springs, North Carolina, or call (919) 646-2900 to book an appointment today.